5 Best Python Classes and Objects exercises for Beginners

Learning Python classes and objects is an essential concept for beginners in Python programming. Here are some exercises to help you practice and reinforce your understanding of classes and objects:

Exercise 1: Creating a Class Create a Python class called Person. This class should have the following attributes: name, age, and country. Implement a constructor to initialize these attributes and a method introduce that prints a message introducing the person, such as “Hi, I’m [name], [age] years old from [country].”

Exercise 2: Adding Methods Expand the Person class from the previous exercise. Add a method called birthday that increments the person’s age by 1 when called.

Exercise 3: Working with Multiple Objects Create two instances of the Person class with different information and use the introduce method to introduce both people.

Exercise 4: Class Variables Add a class variable called total_people to the Person class to keep track of the total number of people created. Update the constructor to increment this variable by 1 every time a new person is created.

Exercise 5: Inheritance Create a new class called Student that inherits from the Person class. The Student class should have an additional attribute called student_id. Add a method to the Student class to display the student’s ID.

Exercise 6: Method Overriding Override the introduce method in the Student class to include the student’s ID in the introduction message.

Exercise 7: Encapsulation Add private attributes (attributes that start with a double underscore, e.g., __age) to the Person class, and implement methods to get and set these private attributes.

Exercise 8: Using Properties Change the private attributes you added in the previous exercise to properties. This way, you can access and modify them as if they were regular attributes.

Exercise 9: Composition Create a new class called Course. The Course the class should have a list of students (instances of the Student class) as an attribute. Add methods to add and remove students from the course.

Exercise 10: Using Dunder Methods Implement the __str__ method in the Person class so that when you print an instance of the Person class, it displays their name, age, and country in a readable format.

These exercises should help you practice working with Python classes and objects. They cover various aspects of object-oriented programming, including creating classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and using dunder methods. You can progressively work through these exercises to build a strong foundation in working with classes and objects in Python.

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

person = Person("Alice", 25)

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __str__(self):
        return f"Person(name={self.name}, age={self.age})"

person = Person("Alice", 25)
print(person)  # Output: Person(name=Alice, age=25)

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"Person(name={self.name}, age={self.age})"

person = Person("Alice", 25)
print(repr(person))  # Output: Person(name=Alice, age=25)

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def greet(self):
        print(f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old.")

person = Person("Alice", 25)
person.greet()  # Output: Hello, my name is Alice and I am 25 years old.